The Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA) is pleased to announce the third Guy Mhone International Conference, under the auspices of its Economic Research Programme. The theme of this year’s conference is The Renaissance and Revival of African Economies. The conference is being convened in the context of the global economic crisis which should prompt a critical analysis of all aspects of socioeconomic development in Africa. The Guy Mhone Conference on Development is organised annually in honour of one of the most distinguished African development thinkers and former member of CODESRIA’s Executive Committee, the late Professor Guy Mhone. This year’s edition of the conference will be held from 20 to 21 December, 2010 in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Over the past decade, the world economy has experienced many ups and downs. Periods of recession were followed by periods of economic recovery; but while conditions for genuine economic recovery are not yet met, the evolution of the world GDP declined in the second half of 2010. The growth rate of the US dollar is expected to be 2.5% in 2010 and 2% in 2011, following a contraction of similar magnitude in 2009. Similarly, the growth rate would be 1.8% and 1.3% for the euro zone after a -3.9% drop in 2009.

Similarly, African economies were not indifferent to these changes.  Periods of growth in crisis were followed by periods of substantial economic growth. After years of pessimism about growth prospects in Africa, optimism is taking over, although the latest post-crisis developments seem to temper this optimism. Growth resumed in most African economies, with encouraging results being recorded in various African countries and increased investment in the sector of telecommunications, infrastructure and financial services benefiting most of the economies. Despite the low penetration rate of new technologies, innovative applications of ICT were identified in areas as diverse as electronic banking, payment systems, agriculture, trade, administration and education. Many of these tools help to improve the business environment by contributing to the development of markets, reducing barriers related to infrastructure and lowering costs. The continued favourable macroeconomic policies, the strengthened judiciary and the improved transparency of national accounts of most countries have led to increased confidence of investors in the continent. Politically, the stability which occurred in many countries, following the decline of social tensions and increased investment in the consolidation of democracy, also contributed to creating an environment that is more conducive to investment.

These positive developments notwithstanding, it is necessary to interrogate the sustainability of this evolution. What are the prospects for the emergence of a number of African economies that will steadily practise appropriate economic policies? Can countries like South Africa, Botswana and Mauritius be driving forces for other poorer countries? Are we faced with a genuine revival of African economies, or is it rather simple economic changes? Do they allow successful cases to speak of a genuine economic renaissance, like political and cultural renaissance? What are the links between them? What were the factors of the growth recorded in many economies on the continent?

As a way of creating an avenue where these and other questions can be answered, CODESRIA has dedicated the 2010 edition of the Guy Mhone Conference on Development to the ‘renaissance and revival of African economies’. Many studies have attempted to explain the factors of this growth. For the most part however, these explanations have failed to go beyond the neoclassical standpoints, while the current dynamics require innovative explanations that could not only provide more convincing working hypotheses but also create new analytical prospects more capable of understanding and responding to major challenges facing Africa.

In terms of major economic groupings, Africa is part of the least developed countries (LDCs), with a population weight of about 18.2%, but with a contribution to world production at the rate of only about 0.5%. The economic and political future of the continent is yet a major challenge for the entire world, as its economic development is a sine qua non for world peace in the years to come. The place of Africa in the global community is defined by the fact that the continent is an important reserve of resources that can serve the entire humanity. Africa is one of the continents most capable of providing the raw materials needed by both developed and emerging countries, as could be seen in the increasing quest for African raw materials by countries like China and India. Thus, a new door of economic opportunity is opened to African countries, but this also implies risks that should not be overlooked. As a result, mismanagement of natural resources in Africa can not only lead to their exhaustion by foreign powers, but also constitute a danger to future generations, not to mention the negative impact on environment and climate.

While the effects of these imbalances are likely to be felt in the long run, there are disturbances that have more immediate impacts on African economies. Among these, the most striking fact is undoubtedly the economic crisis that has been affecting the economies of developed countries since 2008, with its effects on the steady growth of several African countries. Between 2003 and 2008, majority of African economies recorded an average growth rate of 5%. However, because of the decline in economic activities, the continent could only record a 2.8% growth in 2009, compared to 5.7% projected prior to the crisis. Thus, the crisis made Africa lose 120 dollars in GDP per capita. According to estimates by the African Development Bank (AfDB), to catch up and achieve its development goals by 2015, the continent needs 50 billion dollars additional aid per year. Nevertheless, the continent's economies are less harmed than anticipated and the revival seems to be faster on the continent than elsewhere in the world. The forecasts for 2010 and 2011 are rather optimistic, with growth rates ranging from 4.5% in 2010 and 5.2% in 2011, against 4.2% and 4.3% respectively in the rest of the world. Africa can do much better; but to achieve this, it must mobilise more domestic resources to fund its development.

In a long-term perspective, it must be emphasised that structural problems are persistent in most countries of the continent. Despite the steady growth, poverty is still prevailent on the continent, the illiteracy rate is the highest in the world and youth unemployment rate is tending towards the extreme. Moreover, the level of economic development of the continent’s different countries remains very uneven. The economy is still deeply based on agriculture, with 65-85% of African populations active in the agricultural sector, but the added value of products derived from agriculture is comparatively very low. Furthermore, there is yet no integration between African economies. Despite the progress in this area in recent years, there is still a long way to go. In this unfavourable context, Africa should show a deep imagination and ensure that the experiences of the past serve as a lesson and an inspiration towards building a brighter future. In this sense, the conference aims to identify the forces whichhad, in the past, allowed African societies to cope with the challenges they faced, and consider them in its emancipation and economic revival project, yet without neglecting the new situation imposed by globalisation. To this end, extensive research works and refined analyses are necessary in order to arrive at a better understanding of the situation and come up with a brighter outlook for African economies.

During the two-day conference, researchers will be invited to take stock of the evolution of African economies over the past decade and to identify trends for years to come. In doing so, discussions will focus on challenges and structural constraints that the continent will face in the coming decade in particular. A clear vision and critical analyses are encouraged so as to challenge classical theories and analyses promoted by international financial institutions, the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the majority of developed countries.

The themes to be covered by the conference include:

1. Competitiveness and revival of African economies;

2. African economies in the face of emerging countries;

3. World trade and the revival of African economies;

4. African agriculture in the face of new challenges posed by the world trade;

5. The industrialisation process in Africa in the face of the challenges of the global economy;

6. The political dimension of the African renaissance and economic reforms;

7. International economic institutions and the revival of African economies;

8. Regional integration and revival of African economies;

9. The renaissance and the revival of African economies in the context of globalisation;

10. Global economic governance and revival of African economies;

11. Pan-Africanism and renaissance of African economies ;

12. The role and place of trade and investment in the renaissance and revival of African economies;

13. The Diaspora and the renaissance and revival of African economies ;

14. Migrations and revival of African economies ;

15. NEPAD and the renaissance of African economies;

16. The revival of African economies and climate change.


Researchers who wish to participate in the conference are hereby invited to submit abstracts of their papers to CODESRIA not later than 30 September, 2010. If selected, the full papers developed from the abstracts must reach CODESRIA not later than 15 November, 2010. Authors of papers selected by an independent selection committee will be informed of the outcome of the process not later than 20 November, 2010 together with information on travel and accommodation.

All abstracts and papers should be sent to:

The Guy Mhone Conference on Development
Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA)
BP 3304, CP 18524, Dakar, Senegal.

Tel: +221 33 825 98 22/23
Fax: +221 33 824 12 89
E-mail: conference.development@codesria.sn
Website: www.codesria.org

In line with its mandate to promote high-level scientific and academic debates on various aspects of socioeconomic development in Africa, the Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA) hereby announces the 2010 edition of its Gender Symposium which will be held from 24 to 26 November, 2010 in Cairo, Egypt. The Gender Symposium is a forum organised annually by CODESRIA to discuss gender issues and their impacts on the development of the continent. The theme of this year’s edition is Gender, Migration and Socioeconomic Development in Africa.

For over a decade, the Council has been involved in promoting the gender dimension of all the studies conducted by its research groups. But in recent times, migration has become an important component of the continent’s development process. Migrants contribute substantially to the Gross National Product through their monetary transfers, which exceed official development aid in some countries. They also influence the destinies of their countries in various forms. Moreover, in the context of globalisation, migration and development have become interdependent processes, despite the policies of many countries to control migration flows. Nevertheless, migration is still not integrated into the development plans of most countries; hence, the importance of studying migration in relations to development processes, and revealing its various dimensions.

Specifically, understanding the gender dimension in the process of migration and development is both an essential and urgent exercise. Although migration as a phenomenon is as old as the world and studies on it are not new, researchers only began to interrogate it, especially the gender dimension, in a more systemic way in the mid-80s. But now, female migration has increased substantially at the international level, drawing the attention of not only researchers but also international organisations. According to UN statistics, in 2005, 49.6% of international migrants (about 94.5 million) were women; and with few exceptions (Africa and Asia), female migrants are in the majority, compared to their male counterparts. Increased demand for female labour in Northern countries, the rapid and radical socioeconomic transformations in developing countries, and the persistence and/or resurgence of conflicts in some regions of the world, particularly Africa, are factors which have contributed to this expansion.

As a result, studies and debates on the relationship between gender and migration are also increasing. Yet, the numerous and complex relationships between these two terms continue to raise questions and concerns among researchers, scholars, civil society organisations, human rights groups, and even politicians. The dominant perception of the concept of gender and migration has long remained trapped in an approach that sees female migrants as ’invisible’, ‘passive’, ‘ignorant’ and ‘unproductive’ victims who do not contribute to the development of the economies of their countries of origin or host countries, regardless of their level of education; and hence subjected to various forms of marginalisation, discrimination and maltreatment, the gravest of which is sexual violation

This perspective however began to change with increase in the number of scientific studies on the place and role of female Diasporas in origin and host economies. The 20010 CODESRIA Gender Symposium intends to advance these studies, as it will pay particular attention to the new dynamics caused by the change in the status and profile of female emigration. Participants will also have the opportunity to take a critical look at classical theories and approaches on migration, their objective limits, and the progressive incorporation of gender relations and feminism in understanding the complexity of migration as a  global phenomenon.

While studies on the relationship between gender (or rather women) and migration have increased, those addressing the links between gender, migration and development are still scarce, and limited in scope, as they focus more on the ’feminisation of migration’, understood as the increase in number (quantitative) of female migrants and more observable in the economically advanced countries which are usually the target destinations of the migrants. Another premise for the focus of the symposium this year is that the concept of development should consider the contribution of female migrants to wealth creation for the socioeconomic development of their host and origin countries. It should also include the development of female migrants as social beings, through a dynamic process that results in growth, advancement, empowerment and progress. Some studies in the last few years have demonstrated that, in terms of employment, the situations are still very unequal between male migrants and female migrants of working age. The unemployment rate for female migrants, though declining, is allegedly generally higher than that of their male counterparts, and we seem to be moving towards a situation where migration increases women’s autonomy, economic power and social status.

The relationship between gender, migration and development can also be viewed in terms of the empowerment of women. Some works in the field wonder whether female migration is a ticket to women’s empowerment, or another avenue for the violation of the basic rights of women. The complexity of contemporary international migrations is such that the answer is not simple. The predominant perception so far, which the symposium aims to transcend, still remains that which fails to recognise that the profile of female migrants has changed, and that female migration has embraced a number of characteristics that vary according to generations, countries of origin and length of stay in host countries. Understanding the gender dimensions of migration also means focusing on power relations established in the different categories of migrants, between migrants from wealthier social strata and those from poorer social strata.

Issues of social promotion between generations of migrants, autonomy, parity and emancipation will therefore be at the centre of discussions during the 2010 CODESRIA Gender Symposium. Participants are therefore enjoined to consider the different aspects of the issue of gender, migration and development by trying to answer the following questions: How is the gender-based division in the labour market altered by the arrival of female workers of other nationalities?; How do emigrants affect service structures?; What is the relationship between native women and these newcomers as regards the issue of changing ‘female roles?; and many other issues outlined above.

Below are the various sub-themes that would be covered by papers presented during the symposium:

• Migration, gender and development: theories and approaches;
• The feminisation of African migrations;
• Female migrations, sexospecific roles and gender equality;
• Women and forced migrations;
• African female migrants and cash transfers;
• Female migration and human trafficking;
• Migration and the reconfiguration of the labour market;
• Migration and the empowerment of African women;
• Migration, gender, culture and religion;
• Female migration and human rights;
• Women, migration and social protection;
• Gender, migration and social integration;
• Migration, gender and citizenship;
• Female Diasporas and relationship with origin and host countries;
• The impact of male emigration on women;
• Female migrants and the public spaces of origin and host countries;
• Organisational networks of female migrants.

The symposium will be held from 24 to 26 November, 2010 in Cairo, Egypt. Interested prospective participants are hereby invited to send abstracts of the papers they intend to present not later than 15 September, 2010. If selected, the full papers developed out of the abstracts must reach CODESRIA not later than 18 October, 2010 for further review prior to final confirmation of selection.

For more information, please contact:

The 2010 Gender Symposium
Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa (CODESRIA)
BP 3304, CP 18524
Dakar, Senegal

Tel: +221 - 33 825 98 22/23
Fax: +221- 33 824 12 89
E-mail: gender.symposium@codesria.sn
Website: www.codesria.org